CHOOSE THE RIGHT EXTERIOR
PAINT FOR A PAINT JOB THAT WILL LAST A LIFETIME.
Many people, my customers included, don't put
a lot of thought in the type of house
paint they need in order to have lasting performance. Most people think of
paint as a decorative element that provides protection to a surface.
The reality is opposite. Paint
is a protective film that has decorative capabilities.
Paint manufactures are constantly
trying to improve their products for the best performance, but they also know
that no one will purchase these products if they don't offer a decorative
appeal.
This explains the confusing volume of
products on the shelves.
Choosing the best and most proper
house paint to use is as important
as the
surface preparation and the
application techniques used. An understanding of the different kinds will allow
you the best opportunity at choosing house paint for maximum performance and
decorative
appeal.
What is House Paint?
Paint is a liquid that dries to
form a protective film on the surface.
Paint
mainly consists of pigments, binders, additives and solvents. Each type of
finish will have its own special blend of ingredients that enhance its
performance for a given surface.
The pigments are fine particles that provide the color. The binder holds the
pigments together and glues them to the surface being
painted. Various additives can be included that enhance different
properties of the house paint. These include splatter resistance,
easier brushing, mildew resistance,
hardness of
the paint film and UV
resistance.
The most common binders are
latex, vinyl, acrylic and alkyd.
Latex, vinyl and acrylic are formulated with water as the main ingredient. As a
result these types of
paints are
known as
"water base".
Alkyd uses mineral spirits, aka paint thinner, as a solvent. Since earlier
paints used natural plant oils, such as
Linn Seed and Tung oil, as a binder instead of alkyd resins this type of
paint became known as
"oil base".
After the solvent evaporates the pigments, binders and additives are left on
the surface, this is the paint film
.
Paints that contain more of these ingredients will form a thicker film,
providing better coverage and more
protection.
The quality of the ingredients also has a great affect on how
the
paint works when applied and how
long it will last. Gallon for gallon a
cheap paint will have less binders
and of a lower quality than a more expensive paint.
Of course the chemistry of
house paint in much more complex
than this explanation. This gives you a little knowledge of the two main types
of paints, oil base and water base.
Varieties of House Paint
You have two
types of
paint to be concerned with
latex paint and alkyd paint. Both types
have excellent qualities but are incompatible with each other. A rule to follow
is "oil over water - never water over oil". This means an
oil
base paint, alkyd house paint, can be applied over water base paint
,
latex or acrylic house paint, but never the other way around. A
primer must be used before applying
latex over oil base paint.
Both latex and alkyd paints have
both good and bad attributes. They are both equally suited for most surfaces.
No wonder it is difficult to decide which to use.
Latex Paint
Latex paints are the most common
and popular types of
paints on the
market. Because its primary liquid is water,
latex dries quickly, is almost odorless (at least to my nose),
clean up is with water and is environmentally friendly.
Most
water based paints contain a
small amount of volatile solvents also called Volatile Organic Compounds,
VOC's. These compounds can be a problem
with some people.
Low-VOC
and
no-VOC paints
are now on the market that can be used in these situations.
The main limitations are sensitivity to the cold, should be applied above
50° degrees F., and has a tendency to show brush marks when compared to alkyd
finishes. Lower temperature versions can be applied at 35° degrees. Keep in
mind, this paint cannot be allowed to freeze both during and for a few hours
after application.
The paint film
will be severely damaged if allowed to freeze before it's fully cured.
The quality of latex
paint is
affected by the type of binder used. The best water based paints use 100%
acrylic resins. Some manufactures use the term acrylic latex paint.
100% Acrylic House
Paint has all the best qualities and will outperform cheaper latex
house paints. This type offers splatter
resistance, easy to apply, can be scrubbed, high chip resistance plus great
color and sheen retention.
Alkyd Paint
Many
professional painters prefer to use
alkyd
house paint, especially on interior trim. It is durable, stain resistant
and dries with less brush marks. Plus, it is a dream to spray with a HVLP paint
sprayer, providing a factory like finish.
Unfortunately it has some major drawbacks;
alkyd paint has a strong solvent smell and dries slowly.
- The smell comes from the very
high amounts of VOCs contained
within the paint. Must be applied with adequate ventilation, plus the
smell will stick around for a while.
- Slow drying has its
advantages; the paint flows on the surface producing a smoother
appearance. Unfortunately it will have a tendency to sag if applied to
thick. This means more coats will be needed and the project will take more
time.
Even with these drawbacks this type of
finish
can produce superior results in some situations. This is an excellent paint
for interior wood trim, doors and cabinets.
Choose high quality
alkyd house paint for the best results. I must admit that 99% of woodwork
is now
painted with Acrylic/latex.
There are some fantastic products on the market now and using Alkyd is
not easy. Also use the
best brushes
you can buy if you are putting the paint on with a brush.
Specialty House Paint
Although
latex and alkyd house paints represent the most common types
you are likely to encounter, there are other types you need to know about. Each
offers some unique capabilities.
- Elastomeric is a truly unique
exterior paint with rubber like qualities. Elastomeric
paint was developed for cracked masonry, such as stucco. This is a
very thick paint that can bridge over small cracks and stretch with the
surface. A good choice for some wood surfaces. This paint also works well
over plaster and a product call ‘Drivit’ which looks like Stucco.
- Direct to Metal paints, DTM
is primarily an industrial finish, but I have seen some versions available
to the general public. I have used this type of paint on steel siding with
incredible results. If you have some metal that needs to be painted, give
DTM a try. Primarily an exterior product. Most quality exterior paints can
be painted on metal and if you use a good quality primer you will not
really need to use DTM. It does
very well on large projects which makes using a primer prohibitive because
of cost.
- Epoxy paint,
a two-component paint that is very tough and chemical resistant. Although
interior only, this stuff is as tough as it gets. Most homeowners will use
it on their garage floors, but epoxy can be used anywhere a super tough
finish is needed.
- Urethane floor enamels are
the perfect choice for painting a wood floor. Typically a very shiny paint
with all the positive attributes of oil base enamel. Very hard and scratch
resistant. I use urethane paint on painted porch floors with great
results.
- Old
Fashioned Paint - Few modern paints created with synthetic materials
can truly claim to be VOC-free. Old fashioned paint formulas created with
natural pigments and binders are surprisingly durable and attractive.
Choosing Exterior House Paint
Every house will need painting some day and someone will have to choose what
type of paint to use. There isn't a simple answer, "use this brand and it
will last forever". The type of finish you choose depends on many factors.
- Type of surface affects the
type of paint to use. Example, wood trim and siding expand and contract
with the seasons plus can split over time. The paint needs to expand and
contract with the wood with out cracking. A good elastic paint is 100%
Acrylic with a satin sheen.
- The environment also affects the paint and the surface it's
applied to. Regional weather extremes need to be taken into account. Every
region has specific needs as to the best possible house paint to use.
- UV exposure is another factor
that affects the finish paint. Most alkyd finishes degrade faster when
exposed to UV light.
Where you purchase your paint also affects the choices you make. It is my
belief that paint should be purchased from a paint store not from a home
improvement center. A paint store offers regional specific knowledge and
products that are best suited for your particular needs.
Choosing exterior paint involves a lot of knowledge about regional weather
and products best suited for a given surface. This knowledge comes from years
of experience using different products.
Choosing Interior House Paint
Choosing interior paint is much easier than choosing exterior paint. Your
needs and the environment are much easier to define and they remains fairly
constant over time. The number of available products is lower.
Factors to Consider
- Abrasion Resistance -
Some areas of your home receive more ware and tare than others. These
areas could be hallways, doors and trim or a child's room. Alkyd paints can offer excellent resistance to scuffing and is a
good choice for doors, trim and floors. The acrylic paints offer lower
odor, ease of application and excellent flexibility.
- Humidity - Exposure to
water will have a huge effect on the life of the finish. In areas such as
bathrooms, saunas, and pools this is especially true. Both top quality oil
base and acrylic finishes are resistant to moisture. The acrylic
paints are better in most situations. Higher sheens should be used
in areas that receive more humidity.
- Sheen - The sheen of
the paint affects how strong and flexible the paint film is and the
abrasion resistance. The more sheen the more resistance to washing and the
affects of abrasion. Choose a paint
sheen that matches the conditions of the surface and your decorative
needs.
- Color - Intensity of color and the need for multiple
coats affects your choices as well. Water base paints dry faster allowing
you to apply another coat sooner plus quality acrylics are thicker and
offer better coverage.
Top quality interior acrylic house paint is the best choice for ceilings and
walls plus most surfaces. The alkyd finishes offer a harder film that can take
more of a beating. Hence the preference most pros have for using oil base
finishes on trim and doors.
Choosing interior house paint comes down to the amount of time you have to
accomplish your project and the desired decorative appeal. If you need a super
smooth paint finish, choose an oil base but if this project has to be finish
ASAP choose the fast drying acrylics.
Why Use Quality Paint
House paint does much more than add color. Your homes ability to resist the
forces of nature depends on the best quality paint used. Of course it's not
just using high quality house paint. Proper surface preparation, primer and
caulking all add to the final outcome.
Quality materials,
professional
painting tools and craftsmanship add up to a paint job that can last for
years. Cheaper materials will last a shorter amount of time causing the need to
repaint much sooner, plus the need for possible repairs.
This is especially true for exterior painting. Using $15 per gallon paint
can mean repainting in 4 years and $25 per gallon paint could last for 10
years. Cheaper materials will force you to repaint your home much earlier as
compared to using a top quality finish. What would you rather do, paint your
home or something else?
Another consideration is the labor involved to prepare a home for painting
and then apply the finish. The cost of labor, yours or a painting contractor,
must be accounted for and will increase on a yearly basis with increases in the
cost of living. Your labor also has value. Think of what it costs you in lost
time from your job or missed recreational opportunities.
Example of Exterior Painting Cost
Let's assume the cost of painting a small exterior with $15 per gallon paint
is $250 for materials and $1500 for labor, this equals $1750. Now also assume
the paint job last for 4 years. In 8 years, with no increase in material or
labor cost, the paint job cost $3500.
Using a better paint can double the time before repainting needs to be done,
lets assume 8 years for arguments sake. The cost of materials goes up a little,
it's now $350 but the cost of labor remains the same. This paint job now costs
$1850.
The difference between these two examples is $1650 for an 8 year period. The
better paint saves a considerable amount of money over time when compared to
the cheaper
paint. Of course this is
a dramatic example. The labor costs can increase with the better
paint job, especially if more intense
exterior
paint preparation is used.
This translates to a higher cost per year for the
cheaper house paint and
higher maintenance cost for you. The savings will be higher if a
painting contractor is hired. Spending
the money now for quality materials and craftsmanship will save you money in
the future.
If you
use quality
paint and if you hire good professional painters that
will do the prep work, your paint job should last a lifetime. Or at least 25 years. That is excellent return for your money. I cannot over emphasize the need to use the best
quality paint you can buy. Many
of the top brands now offer a combination Paint
and Primer. These are superior
quality products.
We hope
this information is helpful to you. As a
professional painter a superior paint job is the best reward for the hard work. In this day and age most paint companies try
to market to the Do-it-yourself crowd.
And while anyone can paint, not everyone is a painter.
As Always
‘Happy Painting
Ken Rader
Interiors L.L.C.
www.kenraderinteriors.com